We live in a broken, muddy world, but it is beautiful & created for good. God can use it all for His glory.
08 November 2025
Bookish Boston
03 November 2025
Autumn in Boston
18 October 2025
Oxford Literarium - Sneak Peak
Greetings!
I hope you are doing well and enjoying this lovely seasonal shift into Autumn when all things books and cosy spaces abound. Pull up a comfortable spot and make a cup of tea.
Here's another little snippet of my forthcoming book - Oxford Literarium: Oxford Writers in Time and Place
This is from my chapter on C.S. Lewis:
In Lewis’s time at Oxford, there was plenty of debate in society, and he seemed to not shy away from it but welcome it as a way to engage with other opinions. He encouraged differing opinions to defend their position; while he listened to their defense, he would be able to determine if it was well thought out, or not. A lot was changing in the inter-war years, and some student spaces for debate were needed for them to grapple with the big questions. Just as we need that space today, Lewis was supportive of debate, whether in a tutorial or out in public for philosophical discussions with students and colleagues.
He was the president of the Socratic Club, a popular club open to debating the difficult, philosophical questions. The club provided a setting where the big questions could be explored by non-Christians and Christians together in dialogue and debate. Lewis would typically open the meetings and serve as the overseer figure as debates would ensue across the spectrum of differing opinions.
Austen Farrer records his experiences coming to the Socratic Club meetings. He would come in fear and trembling; afraid he’d be called out in a debate and let them down. But he noted that Lewis was there “snuffing the imminent battle and saying ‘Aha!’ at the sound of the trumpet. My anxieties rolled away. Whatever ineptitudes I might commit, he would maintain the cause; and nobody could put Lewis down.”
Nevill Coghill was a student with Lewis and a long-time friend and Inkling. He called Lewis “formidable” explaining that he was certain, but not arrogant. Coghill explained that he could diminish you to dust in an argument, but he enjoyed debates too much to do that. Per Coghill: “Genius is formidable and so is goodness; he had both.” The more that I pondered this description of Lewis, the more it made sense.
Lewis had immense talent in communication - he would adjust himself in any situation, rapidly shifting as if from one foot to the other, the correct amount of weight on one thing, versus another. Behind all of that was the scholarly mind, a fabulous memory, and a deep sense of truth. He would quote almost perfectly accurately from his photographic memory.
04 October 2025
Slices of "almost" Autumn
27 September 2025
Exploring The City of God
For in the ruin of the city it was stone and timber which fell to the ground; but in the lives of those Romans we saw the collapse not of material but of moral defences, not of material but of spiritual grandeur. The lust that burned in their hearts was more deadly than the flame which consumed their dwellings.
-City of God, Saint Augustine
Augustine started writing a mammoth work - City of God, in 413 AD, as the world was in a tumultuous time. Rome had fallen at the hands of the barbaric Goths (from the German north) and someone was to be blamed, the Christians. Christianity had been growing as the fall of Rome was unfolding. Augustine was a Bishop by that time in Northern Africa. He started writing this book as a response to the blame Christianity was receiving due to the reasoning that because they didn't worship the gods of Rome, it angered them.
Through a series of organized thoughts in books and chapters, Augustine places his argument and reasons using historical, theological, and philosophical means to build his case. In it, he contrasts the city of God with the city of man, starting with Adam who occupied the city of God. When sin entered the world, it thus began the city of man, leaving the rest of history to the present day intermingling the two cities.
The city of man represents the love of self (inward seeking only ones own selfish desires). And he explains with historical details how the fall of Rome was on a path long before the birth of Christ. The moral degeneration of the empire caused the collapse of the empire, not Christianity. The Roman world had once held high standards, but their demise was in the fact that they lost all that objective sense of morality. It came upon them not as any loss of a material deficit, but in a spiritual and moral collapse across the society. It became the norm to murder politicians and anyone you didn't agree with to gain power. The loss of respect of leadership and the human person degraded the values once held. Yet even as evil is done, human nature still has its own worth and the evil is evidence of God's existence, for evil presupposes good. But good doesn't presuppose evil.
In contrast, the city of God is founded on the love of God, dwelling in the virtues of love, humility, and charity. Augustine recognizes the importance of separation of church and state, noting that the church has a higher calling, that is, the salvation of souls. Further, the church should not seek power of the state to push its doctrine.
Both of the cities pass along into our present time, intermingled, interwoven. But eventually the city of man will be judged and destroyed in final judgment, while the city of God will bloom fully being in the forever presence of God. Augustine covers topics such as creation, time, human freedom, forgiveness, sin, grace, happiness, and divine knowledge of the future. He brings 400,000 words into a developed argument that emphasize how the love of God is what is worth living for, and the earthly life is a small portion of our overall existence. Our purpose is fulfilled when we love God with all our hearth, soul, mind, and strength. But when we live through love of self, we lead lives that head to destruction due to glorifying earthly love and materials things. The lasting community which is rooted in faith and outward looking love is that which encourages spiritual growth and true understand of human connection and purpose.

















































